宾语从句的时态用法包括:1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态;主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式;3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
一、英语宾语从句的时态用法
1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.
她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
2.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。 (从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。 (从句是过去将来时)
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播速度快。
注意:当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时,要把从句的否定转移到主句上。
如果宾语从句有它的补语时,宾语从句用it代替,从句后置。其句型为:主语+谓语 + it +补语+宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的连接词
1.连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
eg.He knew(that)he should work hard.
2.连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
eg.Tom don't know if whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词前:It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what which,连接副词when,where,why,how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
eg.The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
三、宾语从句的语序
1.宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
2.陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
3.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。
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