
雅思听力多选题技巧。多选题是雅思听力考试中一直存在的一种题型,虽然每次考试的题量不占大部分,但学会解决这种几乎必考的题型也是很有必要的。在学习解题方法和技巧之前大家要了解多选题到底难在哪里,这样才更有针对性的进行复习。下面是小编整理的雅思听力多选题技巧,希望能帮到你!
雅思听力多选题技巧一
Multiple choice questions are difficult because there is more to read, and the speaker often mentions more than one of the choices (to trick you).
多选题难度较高,因为读题时要读的内容更多,而且录音中会提到多于1个选项(用来迷惑你)。
Here are a few tips:
以下是一些小窍门:
1.Try to read the questions and choices before the listening starts.
尽量在播放录音前阅读问题和选项。
2.Don't check your answers to the previous section; use the breaks to read ahead.
不要去检查已完成部分的答案,用暂停的时间去读下一题。
3.Underline key words in each choice. The key words are those that make the difference in meaning between choices.
标出每个选项里的关键词。关键词是指用来区别该选项和其他选项的不同之处。
4.When listening, only look at the words you underlined. Don't read everything again.
听录音时,只看你标出的单词,别再把全部内容再读一遍。
5.Expect the trick! They often mention more than one choice, so be careful.
做好有陷阱的准备!陷阱通常提到超过1个选项,所以要小心。
6.If you're not sure, make a good guess, then move on to the next question.
如果你不确定,瞎猜一个,然后进行下一题。
7.If you don't have time to read everything (tip 1), don't worry. Prepare as many questions as you can, then do your best on the others.
如果你没法像第一条里说的那样读所有题目,别担心。尽可能多的读题,然后在剩下的部分尽你所能。
雅思听力多选题技巧二
在雅思听力中,流传着一句话“得选择题得天下”,也就是说,选择题的正确率一定程度上决定着考生在雅思听力里是否能够拿到高分。但是,烤鸭们也都知道,选择题的难度通常比填空题大,尤其是多选题,陷阱很多。今天我们就结合例题来看一下雅思听力中多选题的解题技巧。
按照选项和正确选项的分配,多选题一般分为五选二和七选三两种。多选题就做题步骤而言,可以分为听之前和听之中。听之前主要是我们的审题过程,听之中主要是听听力的过程。
在听听力之前,我们要关注题干和选项。看题干的时候,首先我们看5个W和1个H以及一个H的延伸版,比如说How long, How far, etc. 接下来,我们关注题中的名词以及名词前的限定词语,这里的名词包括大写名词、专有名词以及实意名词。专有名词主要指人名、地名、标题、星期、月份,因为名词可以极大地帮助我们定位到这道题的出场,而名词前的限定词是形容词时,考生需要注意形容词的比较级和比较高级。接下来我们重点看句子里的动词和动词短语,尤其注意动词的正负向感情色彩,是包含还是否定。最后,我们要看题中的状语部分,尤其是时间、地点和程度的限定。从这里我们不难看出,在审题中我们要注意用题干中的名词定位,用名词前的定语部分,题中的谓语动词以及题目最后的时间、地点和程度副词进行限定。此外,如果题干中有斜体和黑体我们也需要重点关注。
我们在浏览选项的时候,要重点关注两点,一是合并同类项,并且着重关注选项间的相异部分,因为出题点往往就落在选项间相异的部分,即“合并同类项,关注其区别”。其次是关注选项中有没有绝对的词语,因为一般情况下,含有绝对词语是正确选项的可能性较小。浏览完选项之后,如果选项较短,我们尽量能记住其中文意思,因为这些选项在听力中有可能被同义替换掉,如果选项较长,我们尽量要学会用自己的话概括,即paraphrase, 以便于听题的时候能迅速反应。
在审题干的时候,考生们要注意两种思考方式。一个是正向思考,即思考题干中名词和动词部分的同义替换;另一个则是逆向思考,也就是在题干的谓语动词部分前加not, 因为这是听力中容易出的陷阱,还有状语部分,状语部分的中心词也有在题目中可能设置替换的陷阱。
在听听力的过程中,首先我们要听选择题的出场。一般而言,如果选择题的语言形式是独白,那么题目一般是陈述句出场;而选择题语言形式是对话,那么选择题多以问句标志出场。且如果多选题的语言形式是对话,一定要注意问答的对象分别是谁。因为通常情况下,答案从回答者的口中出现的几率更大一些。在听听力的过程中,我们要重点听信号词,信号词后面一般容易出答案。一般而言,信号词分为以下几种:
表示顺序关系的信号词:
首先:first, for a start, in the first place, to begin with
然后:second, after that, next, then, subsequently
最后:finally, at last, in the end, last but not least
表示并列关系的信号词:
meanwhile, at the same time, as well as, together with, also, too
for one thing, for another; on the one hand, on the other hand
表示解释说明的信号词:
that is, in particular, I mean, namely, especially, actually, in other words, that is to say, specially, another way of saying
表示转折和对比的信号词:
although, by/in contrast, as a matter of fact, nevertheless, instead, however, otherwise, while, though, but, despite, on the contrary, in spite of, yet, whereas
表示列举和增补的信号词:
and in addition to, one more thing, what’s more, besides, either, for instance, for example, furthermore, such as, like, likewise, similarly, moreover
表示因果关系的信号词:
as a result, therefore, so, for this reason, because, consequently, thus
表示归纳结论:
as a result, altogether, finally, in short, therefore, overall, in sum, thus, on the whole, in brief, to conclude, in a word, consequently, to sum up, to summarize, in conclusion
语气词:
well, you know, in fact, hmm.
接下来,我们来看一道五选二的多选题,我们以C5T1S3 Q24,25为例进行讲解:
What two types of coursework are required each month on the part-time course?
A. a case study
B. an essay
C. a survey
D. a short report
E. a study diary
和单选题一样,我们首先要读懂题目,题目的意思是说,哪两种课程作业需要按月上交?共五个选项,分别是案例学习,文章,调查,短的报告,学习日记。这道题题目的定位词是coursework, 限定词是are required以及each month。根据我们的两种思考方式,我们首先去联想可能在限定词部分出现的同义替换,are required可能会替换成are necessary, need to, etc. 那么each month可能会替换成monthly, every four weeks。而我们对应的逆向思考也就是:not required, not necessary, don’t need to; each month对应的可能会有each day, each week, each semester, etc.
多选题和单选题相似,即全部数量的选项都有可能在录音中出现,但是根据题意,只有两个是比较符合题意的。根据对话,是Andrew问的Monica, 即Andrew是学习者,而Monica类似于他的课程顾问。所以在听这两道题的时候,一旦Andrew发问,那么Monica的回答就是我们重点要听的内容。而在听力中,这五项中只有最后一个没说,也就是我们说的无中生有的选项,而A, C是声东击西的选项,A说是by the end of the course; C在A的基础上引出了一个非限制性定语从句,也就是我们说的连带错误。只有B和D中出现了我们听到的each month和every four weeks, 所以我们最终选择了B, D。
对比同样的思路,我们一起来看一下C6T2S2 Q18-20:
Which THREE attractions can you visit at present by train from Trebirch?
A. a science museum
B. a theme park
C. a climbing wall
D. a mining museum
E. an aquarium
F. a castle
G. a zoo
审题时,我们将attraction作为定位词,把visit at present, by train作为限定词。我们的横向思考即为,visit at present的同义替换,比如说,visit at the moment, visit currently以及by train的同义替换,by rail。逆向思考即为,not at present, 也就是in the past或者in the future; by train可能会是by bus, by plane迷惑视听。
考生在开头会听到Um, there’s the Merthyr Mining Museum, 听到Mining Museum, 同时听到后面有which is only half an hour from Trebirch by train. 通过by train, Trebirch, 可确定Mining Museum, D为正确选项。接下来一句Your children will find it just as fascinating as any theme park. 排除干扰项B. theme park, 题中使用了as…..as…..的结构进行对比,而非景点介绍。在中间部分,考生会听到Mainline trains also offer direct services to Bristol, where you can visit the docks or spend a great day out with the children in the zoo. 在这句话中,考生需要抓出trains, spend a day in the zoo, 可确定zoo, G为正确选项。同样,后面一句which is set in the parkland that used to surround the old castle.中带有干扰项F. castle. 考生要注意到前面的动词不定式部分为to surround, 即可排除该干扰项。在后半部分,可以听到special family away day fares, 以及where there’s lots to see and do including…..climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium. 其中 fare为火车费用,后面to see and do等同于attraction, 所以确定climbing wall, C为正确选项。同时要发现aquarium为climbing wall的原址,故排除。在听力内容的最后,提到了new science museum opens next year, 与题干中at present相悖,故排除。
对比五选二和七选三的多选题,我们不难发现,七选三的多选题比五选二的多选题设置的陷阱更多。陷阱一般包含三类,一类是限定词部分的陷阱,即程度、时间、地点部分容易出陷阱;第二类是比较级的陷阱,即as+adj+as或者是not as+adj+as, 两个名词作比较,通常后面的名词会是陷阱选项。第三类则是从句类陷阱,从句套从句是选择题陷阱典型的设计方法。针对此类陷阱,我们一定要听清楚最前面的名词,因为往往该名词是先行词或是引导词,而后面的内容对其的补充说明都是在其基础上说的。一般情况下,which引导的非限制定语从句中所涉及的名词多为错误选项,而where引导的非限制性定语从句中正确选项的几率较大。
此外,七选三的多选题比五选二的多选题顺序连接性更加明显。因为涉及到三个正确选项,选项和选项之间需要有连接词的衔接,也就是首先,其次,最后的顺序铺排。而五选二的选择题只会涉及到并列方式的连接,相对简单。在七选三多选题中,两两衔接词之间容易出陷阱选项,这是考生们应该引起注意的。在这个地方出陷阱选项原因很简单,speaker对正确选项说明后,需要有些东西进行一些解释,但是西方人通常会把重要的事情放在最前面说,后面附上一些解释,这些解释中可能会涉及举例和对比,但是这些内容和题干是没有关系的,所以解释说明的部分往往会是陷阱。
雅思听力多选题技巧三
一、同义替换
同义替换是听力选择题的核心考点,多选题肯定也不例外,同义互换给考生造成的疑惑点也可想而知,如果没有听懂原文的意思,那么很难将原文相应内容与选项内容对应上,也就直接导致答案选不对甚至直接感觉答案都没在听力原文里出现过。多选题和单选题很像,同义替换的位置不仅会在选项上,同样也会在题干里面,而且同义替换的方式多变。
比如,剑桥4 Test2 Section3的第25, 26两题:
What TWO disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the students discuss?
A. the data is sometimes invalid
B. Too few people may respond
C. It is less likely to reveal the unexpected
D. In can only be used with literate populations
E. There is a delay between the distribution and return of questionnaire
原文:
ROSA: No, I’m sure it talked drawbacks as well, didn’t it? Something about the response rate and the problems you get if it’s too low. (B)
MICK: Yeah, but we only need data from five subjects anyway.
ROSA: I suppose so. Another drawback I remember it mentioned was that questionnaire data tends not to reveal anything unexpected (C), because it is……
我们不难发现,问题当中的disadvantage这个词,换成了drawback, 还有选项B中的few替换成了too low。这些同义替换都是最基本的近义词、同义词间的互换。
而且这些同义替换都是常见的,重复出现的,所以难度不大。对于这样的题目或者说这样的同义替换,考生们肯定要在平时多积累常见的同义替换的单词、词组,多去延伸某一个单词的近义词、同义词。就拿上面那个例子当中disadvantage 和drawback的同义替换来说,在剑桥3、剑桥7、剑桥9当中出现了至少4次。
当然也有同义替换难度比较大的,比如:剑桥6 Test1 Section4的第38, 39, 40三题:
Which THREE of the following problems are mentioned in the connection with 20th century housing in the East End?
A. Unsympathetic landlords
B. Unclean water
C. Heating problems
D. High rents
E. Over crowing
F. Poor standards of building
G. Houses catching fire
答案C, E, F在文中对应的内容为:
Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built. (F)
Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room. (C)
A tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles. (E)
这样的同义替换是一种概括总结型的同义替换,这样的替换方式没有办法死记,因为每次替换的内容都可以不一样,不像近义词同义词的对等替换,概括总结型的同义替换是一种从属性质的替换,选项在意思上将原文内容意思高度概括,从而达到一种对应,这样的替换不仅要求考生听懂原文当中句子的意思,而且还要有同义互换的主动意识,也就是说要能够在听懂意思的基础上积极主动的去思考听懂的信息是否与某个选项匹配。否则,很多考生就会听懂原文意思,但没有反应过来听懂的意思可以和哪个选项对应。
二、干扰
干扰其实不仅在多选题当中有,单选题、填空题都会有干扰。在多选题中,干扰大多是选项内容与听力原文中的内容部分甚至完全相同,但从符合题意的角度,该选项不能作为正确选项。简单说来就是听到但不能选。同义替换已经很难了,为什么还要设计干扰作为另外一个难点?因为有时候同义替换的难度不够酸爽,再配上干扰,这样对于剑桥来说就完美了!干扰的情况在多选题当中比较容易判断,可以大致分为所有选项干扰、部分选项干扰以及问题条件干扰。
首先以剑桥5 Test1 Section1的第5, 6两题为例:
Which TWO things are included in the price of the tour?
A. Fishing trip
B. Guided bushwalk
C. Reptile park entry
D. Table tennis
E. Tennis
这题就是上面说的所有选项干扰的一题,根据听力原文:
You guide will take anyone who is interested either on a bushwalk through the national park near the hotel, and there’s no extra charge for that, or on a fishing trip. That’s an extra $12 I think. And there is also a reptile park in town-that costs more or less the same. And if you just want to relax, you are free to sit by the hotel pool or go down the beach. Oh, they also have tennis courts at the hotel, but you have to pay for those by the hour. But there are table tennis tables downstairs, and they are part of the accommodation package……
A-E所有5个选项在听力原文当中都出现了,如果没有听懂意思,而只是听单词,这题难度就很大了,所以一定要关注符合题目“are included in the price of the tour”要求的选项。这种所有选项干扰的情况可以在审题的时候就预判出来,一般选项内容简单且不太容易做同义替换的时候,很容易出现所有选项都在听力中重现的情况,如果考生们能在审题时发现这一点,从而提醒自己一定不能再听到什么就选什么,一定要关注符合问题内容的信息,这样做对的几率会大大增加。
值得注意的是,在选项全部在听力原文中重现的这种多选题中,并非同义替换就不存在了,只是不在选项上了,同义替换的位置很有可能会在题干当中,如上题,“are included in the price of the tour”就被替换成了2种说法“no extra charge”和“part of the accommodation package”,且后一种同义替换的难度非常大,很多烤鸭都没有反应过来这是住宿打包费用的一部分的意思,也就是费用已包含的意思。
其实,如果所有选项都在听力中重现,还可以用排除法去剔除错误选项,剩下的就是正确选项了,也就是说就算不知道“part of the accommodation package”的意思选不出E来,也应该知道D. table tennis是需要pay by the hour的,也就是和“are included in the price of the tour”意思相反,A,C选项也可以用同样的方式剔除。
再以刚刚提过的剑桥6 Test1 Section4的第38, 39, 40三题为例:
其实这题的难度远不止正确选项C, E, F的同义替换,如果我们看看所有选项以及题目相关的所有听力内容就不难发现,其实这题也有干扰,这种情况就是上面说的部分选项干扰,即不是所有选项都出现,只是其中几个选项出现,并且有的具有干扰功能:
A. Unsympathetic landlords
B. Unclean water
C. Heating problems
D. High rents
E. Over crowing
F. Poor standards of building
G. Houses catching fire
A-G 7个选项对应的所有听力原文内容为:
Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built, because there was no regulation. But the poor and needy were attracted by the possibility of work, and they had to be housed. It was the availability, rather than the condition, of the housing that was the major concern for tenants and landlords alike. Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room. Of course, the smoke from these contributed a great deal to the air pollution for which London used to be famous. A tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles.
不难发现,原文中有landlords一词,这个词也出现在了A选项中,构成了干扰,尤其对于没有听太清楚这个句子意思的考生,可能会想选A, 毕竟有个原文中出现的单词,其实在选项字比较多比较容易做同义替换的多选题当中,当有选项内容或者部分内容原文重现的时候,这样的选项不仅不能立刻认为正确,而且还要慎重考虑是否会是干扰;“the smoke from these contributed……”,很多同学也会因为这个部分而选择G, 因为前面说在房子里烧煤取暖,这里又说冒烟,联系起来自己脑补一下感觉可能是说房子容易由于烧煤取暖而着火冒烟,因此这里的G也是一个干扰,且这个干扰对于水平稍好,能听懂一部分内容而不是全部内容的同学来说尤其具有迷惑性,因为这个选项没有之前的干扰方式那么简单粗暴的就将原文重现,而是疑似做了一下同义替换,这是比较难的一种干扰选项的出现方式,即根据原文内容做了一部分的意思同义替换,但整个选项意思还是和原文不符的,这样的干扰选项的排除就需要考生听懂不止是某几个词,而是整句话。
最后以剑桥6 Test4 Section3的第28, 29, 30题为例:
这道多选题除了刚刚说的那些干扰和同义替换情况之外,还有另外一种干扰存在,这种干扰不是单纯利用选项和听力原文的相似性进行干扰,这种干扰还和问题有关,也就是上面所说的问题条件干扰:
Which THREE topics do this term’s study skill workshop cover?
我们只看其中的选项A. An introduction to the Internet对应的听力原文的内容“the one for internet beginners was last term”和题目要求的this term相反,除此之外的部分与A选项的意思完全一样,就是时间限制让A选项成了错误项、干扰项。而且,通过总结发现,问题当中最常充当干扰内容的就是时间限制条件,且这样的干扰也会出现在单项选择题当中。因此,以后在问题当中看到表示时间限制的内容要多加小心,原文中可能会有另一个时间限制。
三、题目长度
当然,剑桥6 Test4 Section3的第28, 29, 30题可能不止是同义互换和干扰是难点,这个多选题难还因为题目的长度:
Which THREE topics do this term’s study skill workshop cover?
A. An introduction to the Internet
B. How to carry out research for a dissertation
C. Making good use of the whole range of library services
D. Planning a dissertation
E. Standard requirements when writing a dissertation
F. Using the Internet when doing research
G. What books and technical resources are available in the library
读完问题和7个选项的时间只有差不多10秒钟,这个时间显然不够,就算可以在规定时间内读完选项,在做题的时候,那么多文字内容在边听边要做出选择的时候也是一种巨大的挑战。所以在做多选题的时候,如果能给选项分类,那就可以大大减小边听边找选项的压力,把需要看的选项缩小到一定范围。不难发现,上题的7个选项可以分3类,一类里面有internet的A, F;一类是有dissertation的B, D, E;一类是有library的C, G, 这样一来,当听力中提到比如internet的时候,我们就不用每个选项都去看是否符合,只需要去看A, F, 这样大大减小了做题难度。
总之,从做题顺序角度而言,多选题的解题对策可以简单概括成:看分类,看干扰点,听同义替换。把握住这3点,多选题一下子褪去了复杂的外衣,漏出本质,更易得分。
雅思听力多选题技巧四
多选题是雅思听力考试中一直存在的一种题型,虽然每次考试的题量不占大部分,但学会解决这种几乎必考的题型也是很有必要的。在学习解题方法和技巧之前大家要了解多选题到底难在哪里,这样才更有针对性的进行复习。下面为大家介绍的是雅思听力多选题的难点,希望对大家有帮助。
一般多选题分为5选2和7选3两种,极偶尔会有7选2这样的情况,2个或3个答案相互独立,且答案顺序不影响评分,即这2个或者3个答案并非算做同1题,不过,也极偶尔会出现2个或者3个选项只算1题的情况。在雅思听力评分中,3题的正确率就可以有0.5分的影响了,所以多选题也是我们每题必争的。下面AF对雅思听力多选题的解题难点和对策做详细的分析。
一、同义替换
同义替换是听力选择题的核心考点,多选题肯定也不例外,同义互换给考生造成的疑惑点也可想而知,如果没有听懂原文的意思,那么很难将原文相应内容与选项内容对应上,也就直接导致答案选不对甚至直接感觉答案都没在听力原文里出现过。多选题和单选题很像,同义替换的位置不仅会在选项上,同样也会在题干里面,而且同义替换的方式多变。
比如,剑桥4 Test2 Section3的第25, 26两题:
What TWO disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the students discuss?
A. the data is sometimes invalid
B. Too few people may respond
C. It is less likely to reveal the unexpected
D. In can only be used with literate populations
E. There is a delay between the distribution and return of questionnaire
原文:
ROSA: No, I’m sure it talked drawbacks as well, didn’t it? Something about the response rate and the problems you get if it’s too low. (B)
MICK: Yeah, but we only need data from five subjects anyway.
ROSA: I suppose so. Another drawback I remember it mentioned was that questionnaire data tends not to reveal anything unexpected (C), because it is……
我们不难发现,问题当中的disadvantage这个词,换成了drawback, 还有选项B中的few替换成了too low。这些同义替换都是最基本的近义词、同义词间的互换。
而且这些同义替换都是常见的,重复出现的,所以难度不大。对于这样的题目或者说这样的同义替换,考生们肯定要在平时多积累常见的同义替换的单词、词组,多去延伸某一个单词的近义词、同义词。就拿上面那个例子当中disadvantage 和drawback的同义替换来说,在剑桥3、剑桥7、剑桥9当中出现了至少4次。
当然也有同义替换难度比较大的,比如:剑桥6 Test1 Section4的第38, 39, 40三题:
Which THREE of the following problems are mentioned in the connection with 20th century housing in the East End?
A. Unsympathetic landlords
B. Unclean water
C. Heating problems
D. High rents
E. Over crowing
F. Poor standards of building
G. Houses catching fire
答案C, E, F在文中对应的内容为:
Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built. (F)
Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room. (C)
A tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles. (E)
这样的同义替换是一种概括总结型的同义替换,这样的替换方式没有办法死记,因为每次替换的内容都可以不一样,不像近义词同义词的对等替换,概括总结型的同义替换是一种从属性质的替换,选项在意思上将原文内容意思高度概括,从而达到一种对应,这样的替换不仅要求考生听懂原文当中句子的意思,而且还要有同义互换的主动意识,也就是说要能够在听懂意思的基础上积极主动的去思考听懂的信息是否与某个选项匹配。否则,很多考生就会听懂原文意思,但没有反应过来听懂的意思可以和哪个选项对应。
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