海派文化英文介绍

江南的传统与移民带入的文化融合,逐渐形成了特有的海派文化。下面小编为大家整理的海派文化英文介绍，希望对大家有用!

海派文化英文介绍

The Shanghai school is a style of Chinese art present in the late 19th century and centered in Shanghai. Under the masters from this school, traditional Chinese art developed into the modern style of "Chinese painting". Late 19th century China, or the last years of the Qing dynasty formed a tumultuous time in China's history. This period immediately followed the defeat of China in the First Opium War by the British Empire and opened several ports, such as Shanghai, to foreign trade. This period was further destabilized by the Taiping rebellions and the unequal treaties propagated by European imperialists. Shanghai, as an open city, became a sort of Asian melting pot where the various European powers could freely express their influence on the city. In turn, this influence gave rise to a new middle class which supported a new style of art known as the Shanghai school.

海派文化是中国的一种艺术形式，存在于19世纪晚期，以上海为中心。在海派大师的带领下，中国传统的艺术发展成为现代的"中国画"风格。十九世纪晚期的中国，也就是清朝晚期，中国历史出现一阵动荡。这段时期，紧接着同英国的第一次鸦片战争，中国战败，然后开放了上海等通商口岸。太平天国起义，欧洲帝国主义者强加的不平等条约，使这一时期更加动荡不安。上海是个开放的城市，当时成为了亚洲的大熔炉，欧洲各个国家都能在上海有其一席之地。反过来，这种力量使得一个新的中间阶级产生，他们正是海派文化的主力军。

The Shanghai style marked the first major departure from traditional Chinese painting by focusing less on the symbolism emphasized by the Literati style and more on the visual content of the painting itself. Members of this school were highly educated literati who had come to question their very status and the purpose of art and had anticipated the impending modernization of Chinese society. In an era of rapid social change, works from the Shanghai School were innovative and diverse and often contained thoughtful yet subtle social commentary. The most well-known figures from this school are Qi Baishi, Zhao Zhiqian, Wu Changshuo, Sha Menghai and Pan Tianshou. In literature, the term was used in the 1930s by some May Fourth Movement intellectuals - notably Zhou Zuoren and Shen Congwen - as a derogatory label for the literature produced in Shanghai at the time. They argued that Shanghai School literature was merely commercial and therefore did not advance social progress. This became known as the Jingpai versus Haipai (Beijing v. Shanghai School) debate.

海派文化中的海上画派第一次偏离了中国传统画艺。海上画派很少注重文人画体所强调的象征性，而注重画作本身的视觉内容。此流派的成员本身是文人画体出身，但却质疑其本身的地位以及艺术的主旨，并且期盼着中国社会即将到来的现代化。在社会迅速变化的时代，海派文化的作品大部分都是题材新颖、内容丰富且包含微妙的有思想的社会评论。该学派的著名人物有：齐白石、赵之谦、吴昌硕、沙孟海和潘天寿。文学作品中，这个词被20世纪30年代五四运动后的一些知识分子所使用——著名的有周作人和沈从文——当时，该词对上海文化有贬损之意。他们认为海派文化仅仅是商业化，没有促进社会进步。这就是著名的京派和海派之争。

The Shanghai School originated from the "Songjiang School", challenged and broke the elitist tradition of Chinese art, while also paying technical homage to the ancient masters and improving on existing traditional techniques. The "Songjiang School"(松江派)，also called "Huating School"(华亭派)，was a small painting school during the Ming Dynasty. It is commonly considered as a further development of the Wu or Wumen School in Suzhou, the cultural center of the region. Its main achievements were in traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy and poetry. It was especially famous for its Renwen painting(人文画). Dong Qichang was one of the masters from this school.

海上画派源于“松江画派”，挑战并打破了中国艺术的精英传统，同时对古代前辈的技艺表示尊敬，并且改善了现存的传统画技。“松江画派”又叫“华亭派”，是明朝一个小的绘画流派，通常被认为是苏州一带吴门画派的进一步发展。其主要成就是在传统的中国画、书法和诗歌，尤其在人文画方面最为著名。董其昌是该流派的大师之一。