柏拉图的英文介绍

柏拉图是古希腊伟大的哲学家，也是全部西方哲学乃至整个西方文化最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一，他和老师苏格拉底、学生亚里士多德并称为古希腊三大哲学家。下面小编为大家整理的柏拉图的英文介绍，希望对大家有用!

柏拉图的英文介绍

Plato was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. In the famous words of A.N. Whitehead:

The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato. I do not mean the systematic scheme of thought which scholars have doubtfully extracted from his writings. I allude to the wealth of general ideas scattered through them.

Plato’s sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters have been ascribed to him. Plato’s writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato’s texts.

Plato’s dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, and mathematics.

柏拉图是西方客观唯心主义的创始人，其哲学体系博大精深，对其教学思想影响尤甚。柏拉图认为世界由“理念世界”和“现象世界”所组成。理念的世界是真实的存在，永恒不变，而人类感官所接触到的这个现实的世界，只不过是理念世界的微弱的影子，它由现象所组成，而每种现象是因时空等因素而表现出暂时变动等特征。由此出发，柏拉图提出了一种理念论和回忆说的认识论，并将它作为其教学理论的哲学基础。

但是，柏拉图夸大了理性发展在教学中的意义。他主张的通过回忆和沉思冥想以致知的教学过程，反映了其对掌握知识理解中的唯心主义倾向。特别是他把理性绝对化、孤立化，使感觉和理性之间对立起来的思想，以致成了中世纪经院派教条主义教学方法的理论基础。他有一句名言：不知道自己的无知，乃是双倍的无知。