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剑桥的雅思阅读

资料整理:广州英语学校发布时间:2018-03-2652

剑桥的雅思阅读

剑桥的雅思阅读。在复习雅思阅读时,在学习掌握各种题型做题方法之前,我们先来了解一下剑桥的雅思阅读,下面小编整理为你准备关于剑桥的雅思阅读文章,希望能帮到你!

剑桥的雅思阅读实例讲解

例题:C7T1P1 Let's Go Bats

题型:information containing;summary;sentence completion

难点一:先做哪一种类型题?

我要求同时完成!如果三种题型分开完成,文章需要反复阅读几遍,我们知道,按照考试规定,一篇文章的答题时间为20minutes,如果分开答题,意味着你将无法完成。

难点二:三种题型顺序与乱序的关系?

如何判断它们之间的关系?我会在雅思逻辑阅读班教授给大家。在这个问题解决之前,大家应该知道information containing(1-5题目内部为乱序);summary(6-9题目内部为顺序);sentence completion(10-13题目之间为顺序)

以上两个基本问题解答完毕,下面将为大家展示题目在这篇文章中的具体位置。

A段出现题目为:

段落信息包含题目:information containing

2 how early mammals avoided dying out

3 why bats hunt in the dark

B段出现题目为:

段落信息包含题目:information containing

1 examples of wildlife other than bats which do not rely on vision to navigate by

C段出现题目为:

这个段落没有出题

D段出现题目为:

段落信息包含题目:information containing

5 early military uses of echolocation

摘要题目:Summary

In fact, the sensation is more similar to the way in which pain from a___6___ arm or leg might be felt. The ability actually comes from perceiving ___7___through the ears. However,even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the design of instruments which calculated the ___8___of the seabed. This was followed by a wartime application in devices for finding ___9___.

E段出现的题目为:

段落信息包含题目:Information Containing:

4 how a particular discovery has helped our understanding of bats

完成句子题目:Sentence Completion

10 long before the invention of radar, _______ had resulted in a sophisticated radar-like system in bats

11 Radar is an inaccurate term when referring tobats because ______ are not used in their navigation system

12 Radar and sonar are based on similar _______

13 The word‘echolocation’ was firstly used be someone working as a ___

定位结果:

综上,A 段中出现题目:2,3

B 段中出现题目:1

C 段中出现题目:没有题目出现

D段中出现题目:5;6---9

E 段中出现题目:4;10---13

此外, 我们还需要注意的是:

1)红色字体的段落信息包含题,1---5在文章中是乱序出现

2)绿色字体的摘要题,6---9在文章中是顺序出现

3)蓝色字体的完成句子题,10---13在文章中是顺序出现

这些题目在原文中的位置,为什么是这样分布?如何判定他们的分布位置?下次为大家解答.

剑桥的雅思阅读技巧

雅思剑桥系列使用方法:

剑桥真题的用法:

真题不用多说了吧,就是阅读套题,除了题目和参考答案,别的就啥都木有了。真题拿来自己做阅读,记得掐时间,一篇不得超过20分钟。

真题全解的用法:

全解中的阅读算是很够意思了。内容包括了:1.阅读全文的翻译,2.每段中出现的高频生词,3.每段的段落大意,4.这段中出现的长难句式,5.每道题目的解析。

所以,全解用可以来学生词,学句子,找自己看不懂的查中文解释,看每个答案的出处,关键词怎么判断,解析,弄明白为什么填这个词,同意转换的手法是怎么玩出来的。

但是,更机灵一点的烤鸭会发现,即使这样的学习还是有个问题。那就是,当自己实战做雅思阅读的时候,我怎么知道第N段的第N句话是出题点,我怎么能瞬间把目光聚焦在文章中那个不起眼的位置。

于是,在结合真题和全解的基础上,我们还得有个找答案出处的攻略。这里Sindy来具体讲讲,以往用在学生身上的效果的还是灰常好的,而且没什么排异反应,学起来不痛苦。

首先,雅思阅读的题目长相比较多样。市面上的解题技巧基本上是对每一种题型都有一个技巧。但是这样无疑加大了烤鸭的学习负担,有这心思还不如去多背几个高频词儿的呢。所以雅思小编建议,只做两个分类。

这个分类的标准是什么?标准是“爽”。什么是“爽”?相信大家做题的时候都有过这样的感觉,如果一篇文章从前往后地读着,从第一题到最后一题依次引刃而解,每读一段依次做对一两题,通畅,这种势如破竹的感觉必是极爽的。

反之亦然,若是读完文章前两段却发现和第一题到第三题都没联系,答案都做出来,那感觉估计就和便秘一样,若是再往下读到第五段文章,第一题第三题还是没头绪,但是第八题的答案貌似在文章第一段出现了,那心里估计是有一千只草泥马奔腾的。没错,就这样,把题目的类型分为:

A-顺序题

B-乱序题

那么问题就来了,烤鸭如何在第一秒知道这题目是顺序还是乱序呢? 下面我们来分析。

雅思所有的阅读考题就是下面这几种:

先扫个盲

(1) TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN or YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN (这个大家懂的)

(2) Short answer question(这个就是最淳朴的提问+回答。有时候题目给出了选项和词条;有时候没有选项,需要自己手写答案,注意字数限制)

(3) Multiple Choice (就是选择题,包括多选和单选)

(4) Matching(相当于“连连看”,有作者&观点的配对,给出几个论断,让你配对是哪个学者提出的;也有从属关系的配对,给你几个细节信息,问是从哪个段落出来的,每个段落都有个标号字母,答题填字母即可。)

(5) Sentence completion (其实就是给你半个句子,让你补充缺失的部分)

(6) Diagram, flowchart, table completion (图表填空)

(7) Summary (其实就是一段总结的填空。有时候会给出选项词条;有时候没有选项词条,需自己手写答案)

(8) List of headings (给几条段落大意,让你自己去匹配)

关于题型还有不明白的自己看全解去,上面说过那两本。

接下来,到底是哪些是顺序,哪些是乱序?:

(1) TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN or YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN (顺序)

(2) Short answer question (顺序)

(3) Multiple Choice (除了问主旨的没有顺不顺序之说,其他都是顺序)

(4) Matching (乱序。要不然怎么叫做配对。)

(5) Sentence completion (顺序)

(6) Diagram, flowchart, table completion (顺序)

(7) Summary (顺序)

(8) List of headings(用脚趾都能想到,如果是顺序的话,那么答案基本就是第一题A,第二题B,第三题C。出题官肿么可能辣么仁慈。)

所以,总结起来,情况还是很明朗的:只有matching和list of heading是乱序的,其他都比较爽。

下面说所解法:

顺序题目的解法:

一次看两题的题干,找keywords,回原文看一段做一部分,具体参考《全解》。只要细心,相信看官你一定可以的。注意练习熟练度,同意转换的识别度。

乱序题目的解法:

这就有点麻烦啦,基本原则就是:先做顺序题再做乱序题。(但是,即便是跳过乱序题,也得看完乱序题的题干,然后做顺序题的同时,边看原文边划线出和刚才脑中存储的乱序题关键词相关的信息。)

若是作者和观点的匹配,那么必须边看原文边把所有的人名都划线出来。方便等会回来找。

若是细节信息和它出现的段落的匹配,那么看一段回去扫一遍这部分的乱序细节信息,有找到的就标上段落字母。

依以类推。是不是特别合理,特别有节奏感。

担心时间不够用的烤鸭,先用这个方法练习3个reading passages,熟悉度提升以后就会顿悟了,手脚快起来是自然而然的事儿。

剑桥的雅思阅读长难句分析

1. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they aredoing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered inthe former Soviet Union. (剑4, test4 passage 1)

分析:本句的主句为“These methods include strength training”;“that duplicates whatthey are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”为定语从句,做“strengthtraining”的定语,关系词为that;“what they are doing in their running events as well asplyometrics”为宾语从句,由what引导;“a technique pioneered in the former SovietUnion”为plyometrics的同位语。

2. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes herperformance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions.(剑4, test4 passage 1)

分析:本句的主句为“A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes herperformance”;“recording the motion of every joint and limb in threedimensions”为现在分词短语做状语。

3. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists,who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex andunorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematicalsimulations. (剑4, test4 passage 1)

分析:本句较长,主句为“That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanicsspecialists”;“who put their minds to comprehending something”为定语从句,做biomechanicsspecialists 的定语,关系词为who;“that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have beeninvented through their own mathematicalsimulations”也是定语从句,做something的定语,关系词为that。

4. But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so that we cometo understand what these things mean for the human story. (剑4, test4 passage2)

分析:本句的主句为“But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation”;“so thatwe come to understand what these things mean for the human story”为sothat引导的结果状语从句;“what these things mean for the humanstory”为what引导的宾语从句,做understand的宾语。

5. Anthropologists also use the term ‘culture' in a more restricted sensewhen they refer to the ‘culture' of a particular society, meaning thenon-biological characteristics unique to that society, which distinguish it fromother societies. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

分析:本句的主句为“Anthropologists also use the term ‘culture' in a more restrictedsense”,“when they refer to the ‘culture' of a particularsociety”为when引导的时间状语从句;“meaning the non-biological characteristics unique tothat society”为现在分词短语做定语;“which distinguish it from othersocieties”为非限制性定语从句,关系词为which。

6. Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called,concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how theyevolved. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

分析:本句的主句为“Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology concerns thestudy of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved”;“asit is also called”定语从句,做biological anthropology的定语,关系词为as;“how theyevolved”为how引导的宾语从句,做concern的宾语。

7. Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions onthe experience of living within contemporary communities, archaeologists studypast societies primarily through their material remains—the buildings, tools,and other artifacts that constitute what is known as the material culture leftover from former societies. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

分析:本句主句为“archaeologists study past societies primarily through theirmaterial remains”;“Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base theirconclusions on the experience of living within contemporarycommunities”为whereas引导的让步状语从句;“that constitute what is known as the materialculture left over from former societies”为定语从句,做the buildings, tools, and otherartifacts的定语,关系词为that;“what is known as the material culture left over fromformer societies”为what引导的宾语从句,做constitute的宾语。

8. Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ‘ethnoarchaeology',where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporary communities, but withthe specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culture—howthey make their tools and weapons, why they build their settlements where theydo, and so on. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

分析:本句主句为“Archaeologists in recent decades have developed‘ethnoarchaeology'”;“where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporarycommunities, but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies usematerial culture”为定语从句,做‘ethnoarchaeology'的定语,关系词为where;“how such societies usematerial culture”为how引导的宾语从句,做learn的宾语;“how they make their tools and weapons,why they build their settlements where they do”位于破折号后面,解释前文中的“how such societiesuse material culture”, 也是how和why引导的宾语从句;“where they do”为where引导的地点状语从句。

9. Heritage studies constitute a developing field, where it is realizedthat the world's cultural heritage is a diminishing resource which holdsdifferent meanings for different people. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

分析:本句的主句为“Heritage studies constitute a developing field”;“where it isrealized that the world's cultural heritage is a diminishing resource”为定语从句,做adeveloping field的定语,关系词为where;“that the world's cultural heritage is adiminishing resource”为that引导的主语从句,it为形式主语;“which holds different meanings fordifferent people.”为定语从句,做a diminishing resource的定语,关系词为which。

10. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with orwithout writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenientdividing line that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no waylessens the importance of the importance of the useful information contained inoral histories. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

分析:本句较长,主句为“the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenientdividing line”;“which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or withoutwriting”为定语从句,做archaeology的定语,关系词为which;“that recognizes the importance of thewritten word, but in no way lessens the importance of the importance of theuseful information”也是定语从句,做dividing line的定语,关系词为that;“contained in oralhistories”为过去分词短语作定语,限定useful information。

11. Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is ahumanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historicaldiscipline. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

分析:本句为并列句,由and连接,句子“Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding ofhumankind, it is a humanistic study”和句子“since it deals with the human past, itis a historical discipline.”并列;句子“Since the aim of archaeology is theunderstanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study”中主句为“it is a humanisticstudy”, “Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding ofhumankind”为since引导的原因状语从句;句子“since it deals with the human past, it is ahistorical discipline”中主句为“it is a historical discipline”, “since it deals withthe human past”为since引导的原因状语从句。

剑桥的雅思阅读技能介绍

在雅思培训中,老师基本上讲的都是做题技巧,而阅读技能本身讲的很少。因为讲做题技巧最有针对性,学生来听课的主要目的也是希望知道怎么做题,讲阅读技能本身就是吃力不讨好的工作。因此大部分老师都在分析总结各种题型的解题特点,解题规律等。但是,有些题目是不能纯粹靠做题技巧来解决的,必须结合一定的阅读技能才能顺利解出。否则,很多做题技巧就难免有牵强附会之嫌。

而且,雅思阅读题型有10种之多,这么多纷繁复杂的题型似乎又各自有着自己的一些解题技巧和解题步骤,在考试时一篇文章后面往往会有几种题型,而考生需要记清不同的解题方法会显得力不从心,手忙脚乱。而其实从雅思阅读的出题思路来看,不同的题型测试的技能确实有些不同,但很多时候是重叠的,过于强调题型本身的差异而忽略这些题型背后测试的阅读技能只会导致学生机械地使用一些解题步骤和所谓的技巧,而忽略在解题背后测试的阅读技能。

我们举几道例题来说明其实很多不同的题型背后测试的阅读技能其实是一样的。

剑三Test 3 Question 7-12

这道题是一道Matching题,要考生去Match each exhibit with the collectiontypes。而题目要求里面告诉我们题干中的each exhibit是选项中的collectiontypes的具体例子(examples)。扫描题干和选项之后应该知道定位词应该是题干,因为题干中含有一些大写的装有名词,例如:Bolivian, Indian,Arctic等。带着这些词回去定位,可以迅速找到是在文章的第三段当中。这个时候我们需要清楚地知道我们找到的这些exhibit是具体的例子,需要找到的是这些exhibit属于哪些collectiontypes。也就是说这道题目是想测试我们通过例子找到其对应的主题。

我们必须知道在雅思学术性阅读文章中,一般作者都会先说主题,再举具体的例子来支持这个主题,并往往会在主题和例子之间使用一些举例的连接词,例如forexample, for instance, such as, like等等。了解这个阅读技能就能让我们在找到Boliviantextile这个例子的时候迅速往前扫读,关注一些举例连接词前面的某个词,往往主题也就是答案就在这个举例连接词的前面。果然,我们很快就可以在Boliviantextile这个词前面找到一个for instance,而且forinstance前面有个破折号,破折号一般是作者用来表示展开说明作用的,所以破折号前面的那个名词短语technicalseries应该就是我们要搜寻的答案,迅速的扫描选项中果然有这个短语,那么这道题的答案就是technicalseries的首字母缩写TS。其他的题以此类推。

再如剑五Test 1 Question 33

这是一道选择题,题干是 The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature toillustrate how

A influential the mass media can be

B effective environmental groups can be

C the mass media can help groups raise funds

D environmental groups can exaggerate their claims

定位词肯定是大写的Worldwide Fund for Nature。根据这个定位词我们很快可以定位到是在文章的第五段当中的这句话:In 1997,for example, the Worldwide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: “Twothirds of the world’s forests lost forever.” The truth turns out to be nearer20%。这道题是问作者引用了Worldwide Fund forNature的话是为了illustrate(举例说明)什么。

也就是说出题人的考察目的是希望我们能在原文中读出作者使用这个quote是为了说明什么观点。我们定位到的这句话是这个quote本身,quote其实也就是例证,一样都是为了说明作者的某个观点。原文这句话中的forexample这个举例连接词就清晰地告诉了我们这个例子是为了说明前面一个观点。所以原文中的for example前面的句子应该就是这道题的答案,往前一扫发现这么一句话:Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstatetheir arguments。再和选项匹配一下,我们就能发现这句话就是D选项的一个同义转述:they就是上文中提到的environmentalgroups,overstate就是题干中exaggerate的替换,而arguments就是题干中的claims。因此答案为D。

再如剑六TEST 1 Question 23

Modern cargo-handling methods have had a significant effect on _____ as thebusiness of moving freight around the world becomes increasingly streamlined.Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import…

这道summary题第一个空格很多同学都填不出来。因为题目要求中没有告诉我们是哪几段话的summary,含有空格的这句话中也没有一个特别具体独特的定位词,因此定位特别难。由于这句话其实是文章前面好几段话的一个总结,所以要填出这个空格里面的名词(也就是cargo-handlingmethods影响的东西)确实比较困难,因此从这句话定位似乎不大可行。但是,只要同学们留意summary的第二句话,就发现第二句话其实是第一句话的一个例证,而且出题人为了让这两句话关系鲜明,他特意在这两句话之间加了一个forinstance。

那么我们就可以从第二句话入手进行定位,如果我们能根据manufacturers ofcomputers这个定位词在文章中找到相关的一句话,然后再根据例子是为了说明之前提到过的主题这个阅读技能往前扫读去搜寻答案。很快我们就可以根据manufacturersof computers这个定位词定位到E段。因为E段主要是在说电脑制造的。而E段的第一句话就是:To see how this influencestrade, consider the business of making disk drives forcomputers。读到这两句话的时候,问问自己这两句话之间的关系是什么?其实就是主题+例子的关系,consider这样的词也是典型的主题和具体例子之间的连接词。那么答案自然就是前面的trade,因为题干中的havehad a significant effect on 就等于原文中的influences,modern cargo-handlingmethods就是原文中的this指代关系。

综上所述,这三种题型分别是配对题、选择题和填空题,虽然题型不一样,但这些不同题型背后都在测试同一个阅读技能,那就是读出主题和例子之间的关系。雅思的文章是学术性文章,所以作者一般先说主题,再举例子说明这个主题。各种例子(包括数据,引言等)都是为了说明这个主题,而且例子和主题之间往往会有forexample, forinstance,consider这样的连接词来表明这种关系。出题人其实就是希望我们能够看出这一点,不管是通过例子找主题,还是通过主题找例子。

因此,过多地去划分题型,过渡地强调不同题型之间的差别其实正好与考试出题人的思路背道而驰。所以,希望同学们能做完题之后仔细地体会出题人设置这种题型背后是想考察我们什么样的阅读技能,分析多了会发现其实很多不同的题型之间背后测试的阅读能力是一样的。而总结出这个技能并在以后的阅读中随时使用这种技能才算真正洞察了雅思阅读考试。

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