克伦威尔英文版介绍

奥利弗·克伦威尔是英国政治家、军事家、宗教领袖。17世纪英国资产阶级革命中，资产阶级――新贵族集团的代表人物、独立派的首领。下面小编为大家整理的克伦威尔英文版介绍，希望对大家有用!

克伦威尔英文版介绍

Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader best known in England for his overthrow of the monarchy and temporarily turning England into a republican Commonwealth and for his rule as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Cromwell was born into the ranks of the middle gentry, and remained relatively obscure for the first 40 years of his life. His lifestyle resembled that of a yeoman farmer until he received an inheritance from his uncle. After undergoing a religious conversion during the same decade, Cromwell made an independent style of puritanism an essential part of his life. As a ruler he executed an aggressive and effective foreign policy and did as much as any English leader to shape the future of the land he governed. But his Commonwealth collapsed after his death and the royal family was restored in 1660. An intensely religious man—a self-styled Puritan Moses—he fervently believed God was guiding his victories.

He was never identified with any one sect or position, however, and strongly favoured religious tolerance for all the various Protestant groups.He was elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge in the Short(1640) and Long (1640–1649) Parliaments. He entered the English Civil War on the side of the “Roundheads” or Parliamentarians and became a key military leader. Nicknamed “Old Ironsides”, he was quickly promoted from leading a single cavalry troop to command of the entire army. In 1649 he was one of the signatories of Charles I’s death warrant and was a member of the Rump Parliament (1649–1653), which selected him to take command of the English campaign in Ireland during 1649–1650. He led a campaign against the Scottish army between 1650 and 1651. On 20 April 1653 he dismissed the Rump Parliament by force, setting up a short-lived nominated assembly known as the Barebones Parliament, before being made Lord Protector of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland on 16 December 1653. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. After the Royalists returned to power, they had his corpse dug up, hung in chains, and beheaded.

奥利弗·克伦威尔是英国政治家、军事家、宗教领袖。17世纪英国资产阶级革命中，资产阶级――新贵族集团的代表人物、独立派的首领。

我们应该怎样估价克伦威尔对历史的总的影响呢?当然他的重要作用就在于他是一位杰出的军事将领，在英国内战中打败了保皇党军队。其实在克伦威尔初露锋芒之前的战争的初期，议会军在一定程度上遭到了失败，看来要是没有他，这支军队完全有可能不会取得最后的胜利。克伦威尔胜利的结果使民主政体在英国得到了持续和巩固。人们不应该把这看做是无论如何都会发生的事件。在17世纪，欧洲大部地区都正在朝着更强大的君主专制主义的方向发展;民主政体在英国的胜利是逆总的历史趋势而出现的事件，在随后的年月里，英国民主政体的榜样对法国启蒙运动、法国革命和最终在西欧建立民主政体都是一个重要因素。还有显而易见的是，民主势力在英国的胜利对于在美国以及英国先前的殖民地如加拿大和澳大利亚建立民主政体都起到至关重要的作用。虽然英国在世界上只是个弹丸之地，但是民主政体却从英国涌向世界的其他某些范围不小的地区。