达尔文的英文介绍

达尔文是英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人。曾乘“贝格尔”号舰作了历时5 年的环球航行，对动植物和地质结构等进行了大量的观察和采集。下面小编为大家整理的达尔文的英文介绍，希望对大家有用!

达尔文的英文介绍

Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.

He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. The scientific community and much of the general public came to accept evolution as a fact in his lifetime. However, it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin’s scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.

Darwin’s early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell’s uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.

Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin investigated the transmutation of species and conceived his theory of natural selection in 1838. Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his geological work had priority. He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories. Darwin’s work established evolutionary descent with modification as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. In 1871, he examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. His research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, he examined earthworms and their effect on soil.

In recognition of Darwin’s pre-eminence as a scientist, he was one of only five nineteenth-century non-royal personages from the United Kingdom to be honored by a state funeral, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, close to John Herschel and Isaac Newton. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history.

除了生物学外，达尔文的理论对人类学、心理学及哲学的发展都有不容忽视的影响。恩格斯将“进化论”列为19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一(其他两个是细胞学说，能量守恒和转化定律)。

1831年—1836年，他以博物学家的身份，参加了英国派遣的环球航行，做了五年的科学考察。在动植物和地质方面进行了大量的观察和采集，经过综合探讨，形成了生物进化的概念。1859年出版了震动当时学术界的《物种起源》。书中用大量资料证明了形形色色的生物都不是上帝创造的，而是在遗传、变异、生存斗争中和自然选择中，由简单到复杂，由低等到高等，不断发展变化的，提出了生物进化论学说，从而摧毁了各种唯心的神造论和物种不变论。他所提出的天择与性择，在目前的生命科学中是一致通用的理论。除了生物学之外，他的理论对人类学、心理学以及哲学来说也相当重要。