荷马的英文介绍

荷马堪称文学家族的始祖，而《伊利亚特》与《奥德赛》则是人类诗歌的圣经，它已被作为最古老的战利品陈列在高傲的殿堂，供后人膜拜。下面小编为大家整理的荷马的英文介绍，希望对大家有用!

荷马的英文介绍

In the Western classical tradition Homer, is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest ancient Greek epic poet. These epics are at the beginning of the Western canon of literature, and have had an enormous influence on the history of literature.

When he lived is controversial. Herodotus estimates that Homer lived 400 years before Herodotus’own time, which would place him at around 850 BC; while other ancient sources claim that he lived much nearer to the supposed time of the Trojan War, in the early 12th Century BC.

For modern scholars “the date of Homer” refers not to an individual, but to period when the epics were created. The consensus is that “the Iliad and the Odyssey date from around the 8th century BC, the Iliad being composed before the Odyssey, perhaps by some decades,”i.e. earlier than Hesiod, the Iliad being the oldest work of Western literature. Over the past few decades, some scholars have argued for a 7th-century date. Some of those who argue that the Homeric poems developed gradually over a long period of time give an even later date for composition of the poems; according to Gregory Nagy for example, they only became fixed texts in the 6th century. The question of the historicity of Homer the individual is known as the “Homeric question”; there is no reliable biographical information handed down from classical antiquity. The poems are generally seen as the culmination of many generations of oral story-telling, in a tradition with a well-developed formulaic system of poetic composition. Some scholars, such as Martin West, claim that “Homer” is “not the name of a historical poet, but a fictitious or constructed name.”

The formative influence played by the Homeric epics in shaping Greek culture was widely recognized, and Homer was described as the teacher of Greece.

公元前11世纪到公元前9世纪的希腊史称作“荷马时代”，因《荷马史诗》而得名。《荷马史诗》是这一时期唯一的文字史料。

《荷马史诗》相传是由盲诗人荷马写成，实际上它是许多民间行吟歌手的集体口头创作。史诗包括了迈锡尼文明以来多少世纪的口头传说，到公元前6世纪才写成文字。它作为史料，不仅反映了公元前11世纪到公元前9世纪的社会情况，而且反映了迈锡尼文明。《荷马史诗》包括《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》两部分。由这两部史诗组成的《荷马史诗》，语言简练，情节生动，形象鲜明，结构严密，是古代世界一部著名的杰作。将荷马其人是否真实存在的争议先搁置一边，单从《荷马史诗》开创了西方文学的先河来说，荷马堪称西方文学的始祖，他以诗歌般的记叙手法所展现的战争，生活场景至今仍为人所津津乐道。同时，《荷马诗史》也是研究古希腊风土人情的宝贵的资料。