托福讲座听力细节题

细节题是托福听力考试中最常出现的题目，很多考生感叹：细节题就是：如果你碰巧听到了，那么这道题的分数就到手了。下面就来说说托福讲座听力细节题，千万别错过。

托福讲座听力细节题

细节题 (detail questions) 考查考生对托福听力对话或讲座重要细节的理解。50%的托福听力题是细节题。每一个托福对话或讲座都至少会出2~3到细节题。细节题主要考查与对话或讲座主旨相关的重要细节。

例如：重要概念的定义或解释，事物、现象或理论的特点，以及教授讲解时所列举的重要例子等等。

细节题常见的问题形式

1. What is X?

2. Which of the area does the picture illustrate?

3. According to the professor, what is one way that X can affect Y?

4. According to the professor, what is the main problem with the X theory?

5. Why does the university do X?

6. What resulted from the invention of the X?

7. Why does the professor mention...?

做题技巧

无论是托福听力对话还是讲座，做细节题的关键都是做好听力笔记，根据笔记做题。细节题更是极其依赖听力笔记的题型。细节题只考查重要细节，通常是与主旨相关的，不会考到很细小的细节。总之，需要关注概念解释、事物特征、比较、例子、因果转折后和强调后的内容，做好笔记。如果笔记做的不是很好，无法确定正确选项，就选择一个比较符合会话或讲座主题的选项。

做题步骤

1. 查看笔记，要注意按照笔记所记细节的顺序找答案的位置，因为托福听力的出题顺序一般与录音顺序一致，即与笔记顺序一致。

2. 分析选项：将选项与笔记进行比较，通常答案都是笔记内容的同义替换。

3. 确定答案

Tips 正确选项 VS 错误选项

正确：

1. 原文中对该专业词汇的正确解释

2. 原文重要细节的同义词替换

错误：

1. 虽然重复听力原文的原词，但偷换概念

2. 错误信息或是另外一题的信息

3. 文中根本就没有提到的信息

4. 不符合常识的答案

5. 用主旨题的信息答细节题

托福听力细节题解题技巧

细节题的出题点比较固定，只要你能听出提示词，抓住相关的大部分内容，那么细节题还是很容易得分的。细节题的出题点大概分为如下几个方面：

1.对听力中的example提问

对话或者讲座中的举例一般都是细节题喜欢考察的点。它的提示词要么是for example, for instance, like, in this case这类的连接词，要么是具体的事例的名词。

实例解析：

What example does the professor give of a meme’s longevity?

l A story has been changing since it first appeared in the 1930s

l A person remembers a story for many years

l A gene is passed on through many generations without changing

l A song quickly becomes popular all over the world

这道题是官方真题Official5的第二个讲座的题目。教授的这段话是这样的：

First, longevity. A replicator must exist long enough to be able to get copied, and transfer its information. Clearly, the longer a replicator survives, the better its chances of getting its message copied and passed on. So longevity is a key characteristic of a replicator. If you take the alligator story, it can exist for a long time in individual memory, let’s say, my memory. I can tell you the story now or ten years from now, the same with the twinkle, twinkle song. So these memes have longevity because they are memorable for one reason or another.

这段话的前半部分介绍的是理论，然后通过这个鳄鱼的故事来解释这个理论。所以这道题的答案也是显而易见的B选项。

2.提到的定义或者解释类的内容提问

在听力中经常会出现一些专有名词，有些专有名词一带而过，有些专有名词会在后面给出解释，如果我们听到带有解释的专有名词，就需要提起注意，因为它可能是一个考点。它的提示词有：it refers to，that is，that means，This is to say，in other words，in another words等。

实例解析：

What started the runway effect that led to the Sahara area of north Africa becoming a desert

l the prevailing winds became stronger

l the seasonal rains moved to a different area

l the vegetation started to die off in large areas

l the soil lost its ability to retain rainwater

教授是这样说的：What the Sahara experienced was um…a sort of“runaway drying effect”. As I said the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land started to get drier, which in turn caused huge decrease in the amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn’t grow as well in dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc..

教授说完“runaway drying effect”之后，并没有转移话题，而是接着介绍了这个effect的过程到底是什么样的。如果我们能听到“runaway drying effect”之后的解释，那么这道题也可以迎刃而解。

3.针对听力材料中的原因进行提问

在听力中，因为考虑到学生的能力，所以句子跟句子之间的逻辑关系没有阅读中那么复杂。因果关系是其中比较好表述的一种，所以在听力中也是很常见的。它也是考点之一。前因后果：therefore，consequently，as a consequence，result in，lead to。前果后因：result from，originate from，arise out of。

实例解析：

According to the professor, what led scientists to characterize the Nightcap Oak as primitive

l it has no evolutionary connection to other trees growing in Australia today

l it has an inefficient reproductive system

l its flower are located at the bases of the leaves

l it is similar to some ancient fossils

教授说：

Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is that it represents a very old type kind of tree that grew a hundred million years ago. Um, we found fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the tree. So, it’s a primitive tree. A living fossil you might say.

我们可以看出，fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the treeà it’s a primitive tree。本题给出结果，对原因题型提问。所以D选项正确。

4.针对听力材料中的结尾细节进行提问

通常我们在对话或者讲座的结尾都会走神，因为听力持续的时间太长，导致我们在听力快要结束的时候，松一口气的同时，注意力也不能集中在听力上了。但是往往结尾也是考点之一。

实例解析：

What is one way the professor mention that can help with art restoration?

l By re-creating the pigments and binding agents used by artists of earlier eras

l By removing pigments and binding agents that dissolve paintings over time

l By creating protective coatings of paint that do not damage original paintings

l By developing ways to safely remove paint added by previous restorers

教授的最后一句话就是答案：Then if we want to undo some bad restoration attempts, we can determine what kind of process we can use to remove them to dissolve the paint and uncover the original.

正确选项是D。在对话中，结尾的位置经常是教授提出建议的位置，或者是教授提出要求的位置。这样就更需要注意他们的内容，因为很大可能会出考题。所以在平时做题的时候，我们要努力克制，一定要听到最后。

5.针对数字，地点，人物进行提问

在听力中会有一些数字，地点，人物之类的内容。这些数字，地点，人物本身不重要，重要的是他们之后跟着的内容。所以在听到这些内容的时候，一定要了解他们之后的内容的含义。

实例解析：

According to the professor, what were two ways that the situation of women artists had changed by then end of the nineteenth century in Paris? (Click on 2 answers.)

l Women and men took art classes together

l Women artists played a greater role in the Salon exhibitions

l More schools were established by women artists

l Fewer women artists were traveling to Paris

教授说：Before the late 19 century, if the women who want to become an artist have to take private lessons or learn from family members. They have more limited options than men did. But around 1870s, some artists in Paris began to offer classes for female students. These classes were for women only. And by the end of the 19 century, it became much more common for woman and man to study together in the same classes.

By the last two decades of 19 century, one fifth of the paintings in the salon were by woman, much higher than in the past.

答案就很显而易见，是AB选项。

6.针对对比，类比或者相似的内容进行提问

在讲座中尤其喜欢拿两样事物对比或者类比着说，如果出现这种情况，就需要注意两个事物的各自的特征或者相同的特征，因为这里很可能是考点。

实例解析：

What does the professor compare to a housefly laying many eggs?

l A child learning many different ideas from her parents

l Alligators reproducing in New York sewers

l Different people remembering different versions of a story

l A person singing the“Twinkle, twinkle”song many times

教授说：Next, fecundity. Fecundity is the ability to reproduce in large numbers. For example, the common housefly reproduces by laying several thousand eggs, so each fly gene gets copied thousands of times. Memes, well, they can be reproduced in large numbers as well. How many times have you sung the‘twinkle, twinkle song’to someone? Each time you replicated the song, and maybe passed it along to someone who did not know it yet, a small child maybe.

教授用housefly的例子来说明基因的传递，然后作类比，说明通过给别人唱“小星星”这首歌，文化基因是如何传递的。所以D选项就是我们的正确答案。

搞定托福听力细节题攻略

首先我们来了解一下托福听力细节题正确答案的特点，一般来说包括以下四点：synonym同义词替换、paraphrase句子改写、consistent和主旨内容保持一致、objective 科学客观。而相对应的干扰项特点一般是：exactly the same 有若干词和原文一样，但整体句意不同、inconsistent 和主旨内容差别太大、incongruous 信息不同步、subjective主观极端。把握住正确选项和干扰项的大致特征对我们正确解题会大有裨益。接下来我们需要了解一下托福听力官方对细节的限定：

-important-directly or indirectly related to the main ideas-providing elaboration, examples and support-sometimes related to a long digression

我们通过官方这个定义可以发现，托福听力材料中细节的作用是展开和支持，它的意义是依附于上下文语境存在的，或是对概念的解释和说明，或是具体事例的补充，如：effects： 产生了影响-- 具体影响的方面definition： 给了个定义 -- 具体的例子和特征consequence： 导致的结果 -- 具体的结果problem： 存在的问题 -- 具体的问题

一般而言，托福听力细节题的处理有三大步骤：抓住主旨;确定细节出现的位置;理解细节前后的信息。听的过程中，我们思考和记录的不是具体数字是多少，地点在哪里，或者人名的拼写，而是思考教授举例想要说明什么，例子前后的分析都是什么。