圆明园英文介绍

圆明园,坐落在北京西郊海淀区,与颐和园紧相毗邻。下面小编为大家整理的圆明园英文介绍，希望对大家有用!

圆明园英文介绍

The Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuan Ming Yuan (the Gardens of Perfect Brightness) and originally called the Imperial Gardens, was a complex of palaces and gardens in Beijing. It is located 8 kilometres northwest of the walls of the Imperial City and was built in the 18th and early 19th century as the place where the emperors of the Qing Dynasty resided and handled government affairs (the Forbidden City was used for formal ceremonies). The Old Summer Palace was known for its extensive collection of gardens and buildings and other works of art (a popular name in China was the “Garden of Gardens”).

圆明园是北京包括宫殿和园林的建筑群，曾被称作皇家花园。修建于18世纪到19世纪初，它坐落于皇城西南方8公里之外，是清朝皇帝居住、处理政事的地方(紫禁城用于举办正式仪式)。圆明园因其宏伟的园林、建筑物以及其它艺术品而闻名(在中国被誉为“万园之园”)。

During the Second Opium War, two British envoys, a journalist for The Times and their small escort of British and Indian troopers met with the Royal Prince to negotiate. The British High Commissioner to China, Lord Elgin, used their imprisonment as an excuse and ordered the destruction of the palace, which was then carried out by British and French troops.

第二次鸦片战争期间，两名英国公使、一名泰晤士报记者和一队来自英国和印度的骑兵随从来到圆明园与皇帝谈判。英国对华全权专使额尔金勋爵以他们入狱作为借口，下令摧毁圆明园，随后英法联军火烧圆明园。

Initial construction of the Old Summer Palace began in 1707 under the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. It was intended as a small gift for the emperor's fourth son, the future Yongzheng Emperor, who would greatly expand the Imperial Gardens in 1725. Yongzheng also introduced the waterworks of the gardens, created lakes, streams and ponds to complement the rolling hills and grounds and named 28 scenic spots within the garden.

圆明园始建于1707年，康熙时期。它是给康熙帝四子雍正帝的礼物，雍正帝在1725年对该皇家园林进行了扩建。雍正帝还引进了园林中的水务工程，造出湖泊、溪流和池塘来映衬起伏的山丘，并对园中28处景点进行了命名。

In the Qianlong Emperor's reign, the second expansion was well underway and the number of scenic spots increased to 50 (Qianlong personally directed construction). By the middle of the nineteenth century, the Imperial Gardens had undergone constant expansion in one form or another for over 150 years.

在乾隆时期，第二次扩建顺利进行，景点数量升至50处(乾隆帝亲自指挥修建)。到19世纪中叶，该皇家园林150多年中已经经历了不同形式的持续扩建。

In 1860, British and French expeditionary forces, having marched inland from the coast, reached Peking (Beijing). On September 29, two envoys, Henry Loch and Harry Parkes went ahead of the main force under a flag of truce to negotiate with the Prince I at Tungchow. After a day of talks, they and their small escort of British and Indian troopers (including two British envoys and a journalist for The Times) were taken prisoner. Parkes and Loch were returned after two weeks with other survivors.

1860年，英法侵华远征军从沿海向内陆进发，到达北京。9月29日，两名外国公使，洛奇和巴夏礼，在主力部队之前打着休战旗号进行通州谈判。在一天的谈判之后，他们和一队来自英国和印度骑兵随从(包括两名公使和一名泰晤士报记者)作为俘虏被关押起来。两周后，巴夏礼、洛奇与其他幸存者被放回。

On the night of October 6, French units diverted from the main attack force towards the Old Summer Palace. The palace was then occupied only by a few eunuchs and Xianfeng Emperor had fled. Although the French commander Montauban assured the British commander Grant that “nothing had been touched”, there was extensive looting by both French and British. There was no significant resistance to the looting, even though many Imperial soldiers were in the surrounding country.

10月6日晚，法国部队从攻击主力转移出兵力，攻打圆明园。那时，咸丰帝已经出逃，圆明园中只有一些太监。虽然法军司令孟托邦向英军司令格兰特保证“秋毫未犯”，但法军和英军都进行了大肆劫掠。尽管附近有许多守卫官兵，却没能有效地反抗劫掠。

On October 18, the British High Commissioner to China, Lord Elgin, ordered the destruction of the palace. It took 3, 500 British troops to set the entire place ablaze and the Gardens burnt the whole three days. Only 13 royal buildings survived intact, most of them in the remote areas or by the lake side. The palace was sacked again in 1900 during the Eight-Nation Alliance invasion and was completely ruined.

10月18日，英国对华全权专使额尔金勋爵下令毁坏圆明园。英国军队出动了3500名士兵把整座圆明园点着，大火整整烧了三天。只有13座建筑因位置较为偏僻或处于湖泊附近而幸免于难。1900年八国联军入侵时，圆明园遭到了又一次洗劫，被完全摧毁。