狄德罗英文介绍

狄德罗是18世纪法国唯物主义哲学家，美学家，文学家，百科全书派代表人物，第一部法国《百科全书》主编。下面小编为大家整理的狄德罗英文介绍，希望对大家有用!

狄德罗英文介绍

Denis Diderot was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer. He was a prominent persona during the Enlightenment and is best-known for serving as co-founder and chief editor of and contributor to the Encyclopédie.

Denis Diderot was born in the eastern Langres and commenced his formal education in the Lycée Louis le Grand. In 1732 he earned a master of arts degree in philosophy. He abandoned the idea of entering the clergy and decided instead to study law. His study of law was shortlived however and in 1734 Diderot decided instead to become a writer. Because of his refusal to enter one of the learned professions, he was disowned by his father, and for the next ten years he lived a rather bohemian existence.

He studied history and developed a great fear that knowledge would continue to be destroyed by the Christians, who had a one-thousand year’s history of destroying libraries, burning books, ripping paintings, smashing marbles, and torturing anyone who voiced an unorthodox thought. To prevent it from happening in the future he produced the Encyclopedie, a history of what was known, and then distributed it world wide. He wrote almost a thousand of its articles, over a 20 year period. The rest were submitted by the scholars of the world including our own Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Rush. It took 35 volumes and a lot of commotion to get it all together.

Diderot also contributed to literature, notably with Jacques le fataliste et son maître (Jacques the Fatalist and his Master), which emulated Laurence Sterne in challenging conventions regarding novels and their structure and content, while also examining philosophical ideas about free will. Diderot is also known as the author of the dialogue, Le Neveu de Rameau (Rameau’s Nephew), upon which many articles and sermons about consumer desire have been based. His articles included many topics of the Enlightenment.

狄德罗的哲学思想既反映形而上学的思维方式，又夹杂着一些辩证法的因素。1749年发表的《论盲人书简》充分表述了无神论思想。这种思想没有停留在以触觉为衡量事物存在与否的准则上，深入到了理论思维的领域。

狄德罗把世界设想为一个大系统，认为其中存在的只有时间、空间与物质;物质本身具有活力，能够自行运动，不需要它以外的神秘力量参与;运动是物质的一种属性，物质与运动不可分割的联系造成绚丽多彩的大千世界，这个世界是统一的，统一于物质;由于物质不断运动，永远处于变化的过程中，所以新鲜的事物层出不穷;所有的事物都相互联系，联系与统一具有内在的逻辑上的蕴涵关系。在狄德罗的自然观中，含有转化的观念。他肯定自然事物可以相互转化，转化还涉及事物质的变化。但狄德罗的自然观仍然存在形而上学倾向。他把一切变化都归结为“纯粹数量增长”，把自然中的因素看做是一成不变的，认为由元素组合的事物，通过嬗变而彼此交替，只能形成循环的局面。