北京四合院的英文简介

四合院是中国列汉族的一种很传统的建筑格局,在古代的时候差不多每家每户的房子都是这种四合院的格局,下面小编为大家整理的北京四合院的英文简介，希望对大家有用!

北京四合院的英文简介

The four buildings of a Siheyuan are normally positioned along the north-south and east-west axis. The building positioned to the north and facing the south is considered the main house. The buildings adjoining the main house and facing east and west are called side houses. The northern, eastern and western buildings are connected by beautifully decorated pathways. These passages serve as shelters from the sunshine during the day and provide a cool place to appreciate the view of the courtyard. The building that faces north is known as the opposite house. Behind the northern building, there would often be a separate backside building, the only place where two-story buildings are allowed to be constructed in the traditional Siheyuan.

一个四合院建筑的四栋建筑通常坐落于南北和东西轴线上。坐北朝南的建筑被认为是正房。与正房毗邻，朝东和朝西的建筑被称为厢房。装饰精美的走廊连接位于北、东和西的三栋建筑。这些走廊在白天遮蔽阳光，提供欣赏庭院景致的阴凉地。面朝北的建筑被称为倒座房。在坐北朝南建筑之后，往往有一个单独的后罩外房，对于传统的四合院，这是唯一一处可以建造二层楼房的地方。

The entrance gate, usually painted vermilion and with copper door knockers on it, is usually at the southeastern corner. Normally, there is a screen wall inside the gate for privacy; superstition holds that it also protects the house from evil spirits. A pair of stone lions are often placed outside the gate. Some large siheyuan compounds would have two or more layers of courtyards and even private gardens attached to them. That is a sign of wealth and status in ancient times.

大门通常位于东南角，一般被漆成朱红色，装有铜门环。为保护隐私，通常情况下大门内设有一道影壁;迷信认为它也能镇宅辟邪。一对石狮子往往放在大门外。一些大型的四合院格局有两层或多层庭院，甚至还有附属的私人花园。这在古代就是财富和地位的标志。

The courtyard dwellings are built according to the traditional concepts of the five elements that are believed to compose the universe and the eight diagrams of divination. The gate is at the southeast corner which is the“wind”corner and the main house is built on the north side which is believed to belong to “water”, an element to prevent fire.

四合院根据传统观念中的五行和八卦设计建造，人们认为宇宙由五行构成。大门位于代表“风”的东南角;正房建在北边以防止火灾，因为北被认为属“水”。

The layout of a simple courtyard represents traditional Chinese morality and Confucian ethics. In Beijing four buildings in a single courtyard receive different amounts of sunlight. The northern main building receives the most, thus serving as the living room and bedroom of the owner or head of the family. The eastern and western side buildings receive less and serve as the rooms for children or less important members of the family. The southern building receives the least sunlight and usually functions as a reception room and the servants' dwelling, or a place where the family would gather to relax, eat or study. The backside building is for unmarried daughters and female servants: because unmarried girls were not allowed direct exposure to the public, they occupied the most secluded building in the siheyuan.

一个简单的四合院布局代表中国传统道德和儒家伦理。在北京，一座院落里的四栋建筑获得阳光的程度不同。北部的正房得到的阳光最多，因此是一家之主的客厅和卧室。东部和西部的建筑得到的阳光较少，是孩子或不太重要家庭成员的房间。南部建筑得到的阳光最少，通常用作接待室和仆人的住所，或供家庭聚会、用餐或学习使用。后罩外房是未出嫁女儿和侍女的住处：因为未婚女子不允许抛头露面，她们居住在四合院中最僻静之处。

A more detailed and further stratified Confucian order was followed in ancient China. The main house in the north was assigned to the eldest member of the family, i. e. the head of the family, usually grandparents. If the main house had enough rooms, a central room would serve as a shrine for ancestral worship. When the head of the household had concubines, the wife would reside in the room to the eastern end of the main house while the concubines would reside in the room to the western end of the main house. The eldest son of the family and his wife would live in the western side house while the younger son and his wife would reside in the eastern side house. If a grandson was fully grown, he would take the opposite house in the south. Unmarried daughters would always stay in the backside building behind the main house.

中国古代要遵循更加细致、等级更加森严的儒家秩序。北部的正房被分配给最年长的家庭成员，即一家之主，通常是祖父母。如果正房有足够的房间，中央的房间将用作供奉祖先的神龛。当一家之主娶妾，原配夫人要住在正房最东侧的房间，而妾则住在正房最西侧的房间。家里的长子和妻子住在西厢房，而小儿子和妻子住在东厢房。如果孙子长大成人，他会住在南边的倒座房。未婚的女儿会一直住在正房后的后罩外房。

When a funeral is held in a siheyuan, the location of the casket depends on the status of the deceased, but all caskets are oriented so that the head of the deceased points south while the feet point north. If the deceased is the head of the household or his wife, then the casket would be on the center line in the main house. If the deceased was the concubine of the head of the household, her casket would remain in the main house, but could not be in the center. If the deceased is a younger male, then his casket is placed on the center line of the courtyard. If the deceased is a younger female, her casket is placed in the courtyard but cannot be on the center line.

在四合院里举行葬礼时，灵柩的位置取决于死者的地位，但所有的棺材都按一定的方向摆放，使死者的头朝南、脚朝北。如果死者是一家之主或是他的妻子，灵柩将停放在正房的中心线上。如果死者是户主的妾，她的灵柩也将停放在正房，但不能位于中心。如果死者是年轻男性，那么他的灵柩要停放在庭院的中心线上。如果死者是年轻女性，她的灵柩也被放置在庭院内，但不能在中心线上。

Though from antiquity, a siheyuan is a practically sound, engineered structure. Northwestern walls are usually higher than the other walls to protect the inside buildings from the harsh winds blowing across northern China in the winter. Eaves curve downward, so that rainwater will flow along the curve rather than dropping straight down. The rooftop is ridged to provide shade in the summer while retaining warmth in the winter.

虽然是从古代流传下来，但实际上四合院是一个合理的工程结构。由于中国北方的冬季寒风凛冽，西北的墙壁通常高于其他墙壁，用以保护内部建筑。屋檐向下弯曲，使雨水沿着曲线、而不是直线流下。屋顶成脊状，夏季遮荫，冬季保暖。

A siheyuan offers space, comfort, quiet and privacy. Siheyuan walls provide security as well as protection against dust and storms. With plants, rocks and flowers, the yard is also a garden and acts like an open-air living room. The veranda divides the courtyard into several big and small spaces that are not very distant from each other. Family members talk with each other here, creating a cordial atmosphere.

四合院给人提供空间、舒适、安静和隐私。四合院墙既保证安全，又防护沙尘和风暴。庭院里有植物、岩石和鲜花，既是花园，也能用作露天客厅。游廊把庭院划分成几个大小不等的空间，彼此相距不远。在这里，家庭成员相互交谈，营造出亲切的氛围。