孤独与网络英文文章

互联网将我们领入了一个比现实还要真实的虚拟影像中，在这里人们过着美轮美奂、五光十色的生活。可是，当关上电源后，我们才醒悟：原来一切都不过是浮云，唯有勇敢地投身现实才是真正的生活。下面小编为大家整理的孤独与网络英文文章，希望对大家有用!

孤独与网络英文文章

Life in the Internet age is lonely—or is it? That's what experts in human interaction are debating as they ponder a new Stanford University survey.

According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for real-life relationships with family and friends.The researchers asked,113 people about the Net's impact on daily activities from phoning loved ones to attending social gatherings.Thirty-six percent of those folks are logged on for more than five hours a week.“As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating effect on society, ”says study coauthor Lutz Erbring, professor of mass communications at the Free University of Berlin.

Academics and Web devotees leapt to the medium's defense, criticizing the authors for stretching their data to make the isolationist point.While 13 percent of regular Web users lamented the loss of time with loved ones, for instance,60 percent reported watching less TV.The survey also shows that E-mail is the most popular online activity.If even a small percentage of webheads spend what was once a passive TV time keeping company with friends via E-mail, “that's a move toward greater connectedness, ”says Paul Resnick, a professor at the University of Michigan's School of Information.

This isn't the first study to claim that the Web might be an agent of misery.A 1998 report monitored 73 Pittsburgh-area families'Net use for a year.People who used the Internet more“talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed, ”says one of the study's authors, Robert Kraut, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University.Critics say the study's large number of teenage subjects may have swayed its results.

TV did it.A larger problem with studies that seek to blame the Web for the erosion of American communities may be timing.“It's true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past 25 years, but these downturns began in the early 1970s, before the Internet was invented, ”says Robert Putnam, author of the forthcoming book Bowling Alone.Social forces like urban flight or television might be better explanations.Putnam also points out that technological advances have, historically, inspired fear and heated argument over their anticipated effects on society.“Many of the pros and cons outlined in the debate over the Internet were prefigured in the debates a century ago over the invention of the telephone.”

Other critics say the Stanford researchers are oblivious to the power of Web communities.Online discussion clubs bring together groups as diverse as breast cancer survivors and Arab immigrants to the United States, says Amitay Etzioni, professor of sociology at George Washington University.“The Internet gives us a different kind of social life —not better or worse than before, but just different.”

网络孤独者

生活在因特网时代令人感到孤单——是真的吗?这正是人类交际学老师对斯坦福大学一项新调查展开争论的问题。

根据这项调查的结果，人们上网的时间越多，那么在现实生活中与家人朋友待在一起的时间就越少。研究人员对113人进行了调查，询问他们有关网络对于日常生活造成的影响，调查范围包括从给自己所挚爱的人打电话到参加社交聚会。其中，有36%的人每周上网时间超过5小时。来自柏林自由大学的大众传播学教授卢茨·埃尔布林也参与了此项研究报告的撰写工作，他认为，“随着因特网的使用变得越来越普及，由此便会对社会产生一种日益加强的‘孤立效应’”。

学术界和热衷网络的人士挺身而出为互联网这一媒体展开辩护，批评该报告撰写人为了得出“孤立主义”的结论而故意夸大其调查数据。尽管13%的惯常上网者会悲叹由于上网挤掉了许多本该陪伴亲友的时间，但还有60%的人却说电视比以前少看了。该调查还表明发送电子邮件是时下最普通的上网活动。即使只有一小部分的网迷会改掉以往喜欢被动看电视的习惯，转而主动与朋友发送电子邮件来保持联络，根据密歇根大学信息学院的保罗·雷斯尼克的观点，“那也会使人际联系更加紧密”。

这还不是首次报告网络可能把人类推向灾难的研究项目。早在1998年的一份报告用了一年时间跟踪调查了匹兹堡地区73个家庭的上网情况。卡耐基·梅隆大学的罗伯特·克劳特教授是报告撰写人之一，他说，使用因特网越多的人“就会对家人越冷落，而且根据调查显示，这些人会变得更加孤立和压抑。”而批评者却反驳道，由于研究对象大部分为青少年，所以其结果有失公允。

电视是罪魁祸首。那些试图怪罪网络破坏美国邻里关系的研究，很大程度上，存在着一个忽视时间因素的问题。罗伯特·帕特南是即将出版的新书《独自打保龄球》的作者，他说：“在过去的25年中，社会联系确实有很大的削弱，但是这种人际疏远的趋势从20世纪70年代早期就已经开始了，而那时候因特网还未问世。”诸如城市空心化或电视等社会力量的影响也许能更好地解释这种现象。帕特南还指出，技术进步历来使人们对其产生的社会影响感到恐慌，并由此激发了无数激烈的论战。“在这场有关因特网对社会究竟会造成积极还是消极影响的辩论中，许多正反意见其实在一个世纪前由于电话的发明而引起的争论中已经提前讨论过了”。

另外，有批评指出斯坦福大学的这些研究人员忽视了网络社区的强大威力。正如乔治·华盛顿大学社会学阿米泰·埃齐奥尼教授所说，在线讨论俱乐部具有包罗万象的功能，它将迥然各异的人群——从乳腺癌幸存者到美国境内的阿拉伯移民——汇聚在一起。“因特网带给我们的是一种不同的社会生活，不能用比以往更好或者更坏来形容它，仅仅是不同而已。”